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The ascomycete fungus Ophiostomanovo-ulmiis responsible for the pandemic of Dutch elm disease that has been ravaging Europe and North America for 50 years. We proceeded to annotate the genome of the O. novo-ulmi strain H327 that was sequenced in 2012. The 31.784-Mb nuclear genome (50.1%GC) is organized into 8 chromosomes containing a total of 8,640 protein-coding genes that we validated with RNA sequencing analysis. Approximately 53% of these genes have their closest match to Grosmannia clavigera kw1407, followed by 36% in other close Sordariomycetes, 5% in other Pezizomycotina, and surprisingly few (5%) orphans. A relatively small portion(~3.4%) of the genome is occupied by repeat sequences; however, the mechanism of repeat-inducedpoint mutation appears active in this genome. Approximately 76% of the proteins could be assigned functions using Gene Ontology analysis;weidentified311carbohydrate-activeenzymes,48cytochromeP450s,and1,731proteinspotentiallyinvolvedinpathogen– host interaction, along with 7 clusters off ungal secondary metabolites. Complementary mating-type locus sequencing, mating tests, and culturing in the presence of elmterpenes were conducted. Our analysis identified aspecific genetic arsenal impacting the sexual and vegetative growth, phytopathogenicity, and signaling/plant–defense–degradation relationship between O. novo-ulmi and its elm host and insect vectors
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Kembali