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Penyakit kardiovaskuler adalah penyakit yang disebabkan gangguan fungsi jantung dan pembuluh darah, seperti: Penyakit Jantung Koroner, Penyakit Gagal Jantung atau Payah Jantung, Hipertensi, dan Stroke. Beberapa penelitian mengatakan bahwa kejadian hipertensi berkaitan erat dengan perubahan gaya hidup, mengonsumsi makanan tinggi lemak, kolesterol, kurang konsumsi makanan sumber serat, penurunan aktivitas fisik, kenaikan kejadian stres, dan lain-lain. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan lemak, natrium, serat, dan aktivitas fisik terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada pasien rawat jalan di Puskesmas Panunggangan Kota Tangerang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2016 di Puskesmas Panunggangan Kota Tangerang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data variabel independen dan variabel dependen dilakukan melalui wawancara langsung dengan menggunakan alat bantu kuesioner. Variabel dependen yaitu kejadian hipertensi, sedangkan variabel independen terdiri dari asupan lemak, natrium, serat, dan aktivitas fisik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 70 responden 34 orang (48,6%) mengalami hipertensi, dari responden yang hipertensi sebanyak 30 orang (55,6%) memiliki asupan lemak berlebih, sebanyak 22 orang (46,8%) yang memiliki asupan natrium cukup, sebanyak 33 orang (53,2%) yang memiliki asupan serat kurang, dan sebanyak 29 orang (47,5%) yang memiliki aktivitas fisik sedang. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat diketahui bahwa asupan lemak memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian hipertensi (p0,05).
ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular disease is a disease caused by malfunctioning of the heart and blood vessels, such as coronary heart disease, heart disease or Hopeless Heart Failure, Hypertension, and Stroke. Some studies showed that the incidence of hypertension is closely related to changes in lifestyle, eating foods in high fat, cholesterol, less consumption of fiber, decreased physical activity, increase in the incidence of stress, and others. The general objective of this study was to determine the correlation of the intake of fat, sodium, fiber, and physical activity on the hypertension incident of outpatient in health center Panunggangan Tangerang City. The study was conducted on April 2016 in Health Center Panunggangan Tangerang City. This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional method. The sampling is by using purposive sampling technique. The collection of data independent variables and the dependent variable is done by direct interview using a questionnaire tools. The dependent variable is the incidence of hypertension, while the independent variables consist of the intake of fat, sodium, fiber, and physical activity. The results showed that out of 70 respondents as many as 34 person (48.6%) had hypertension, of respondents who have hypertension as many as 30 person (55.6%) had excessive fat intake, 22 persons (46.8%) who had enough sodium intake, 33 persons (53.2%) who have less fiber intake, and 29 persons (47.5%) who had moderate physical activity. Based on bivariate analysis is known that fat intake had significant associate with the incidence of hypertension (p 0.05).