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Penyakit hipertensi dari tahun ke tahun terus meningkat. Tidak hanya di Indonesia, namun juga di dunia. Sebanyak 1 miliar orang di Dunia atau 1 dari 4 orang dewasa menderita penyakit ini. Bahkan, diperkirakan jumlah penderita hipertensi akan meningkat menjadi 1,6 miliar menjelang tahun 2025. Banyak pasien hipertensi pada saat ini masih belum memiliki pola hidup sehat dan pola makan seimbang, mereka memiliki kecenderung gaya hidup yang tidak sehat, misalnya pola makan yang tidak seimbang, kurangnya asupan serat, lebih senang dengan makanan yang berlemak dan tinggi garam, pola tidur yang tidak teratur dan kurang olah raga. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Cross Sectional, dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2015. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah pasien hipertensi BPJS di Klinik dan Rumah Bersalin Annisa Farma Ciracas Jakarta Timur, pengambilan sampel secara Purposive Sampling dengan jumlah sampel 67 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 56,70% memiliki riwayat penyakit hipertensi, 73,10% memiliki kebiasaan minum kopi yang tidak beresiko, 59,70% tidak mengkonsumsi obat hipertensi, 79,10% memiliki kebiasaan merokok yang tidak beresiko. Sebanyak 97,00% memiliki asupan kalium kurang, sebanyak 64,20% memiliki asupan kalsium kurang, sebanyak 89,60% memiliki asupan natrium tinggi, sebanyak 50,70% memiliki asupan serat ? 4,24 gram perhari, sebanyak 56,72% memiliki status gizi lebih, sebanyak 68,70% memiliki tekanan darah sistolik hipertensi, sebanyak 76,10% memiliki tekanan darah diastolik hipertensi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan uji statistik dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan antara riwayat penyakit hipertensi, konsumsi obat hipertensi, kalium, dan natrium dengan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik (? = 0.000), (? = 0.03), (? = 0.000), (? = 0.03), (? = 0.010), (? = 0.011), (? = 0.029), (? = 0.045). Tidak ada hubungan antara antara kebiasaan minum kopi perhari, kebiasaan merokok, asupan kalsium, asupan serat dan status gizi dengan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik (? = 0,833), (? = 0.506), (? = 0.112), (? = 0.490), (? = 0.066), (?= 0.183), (? = 0.078), (? = 0.09), ( ? = 0.628) (? = 0.534).
ABSTRACT
Hypertension increase every year. Not in Indonesia only, but also in the world. As many as 1 billion people in the world, or one of four adults suffer from this disease. In fact, the estimated number of people with hypertension will increase to 1.6 billion by 2025. Many patients with hypertension at this moment still do not have a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet, they have a tendency unhealthy lifestyle, such as unbalanced diet, lack of fiber intake, have been more pleased with fatty foods and high sodium, do not have enough time for sleep and lack of exercise. This study used cross sectional design, conducted in October 2015. The population in this study are patients with hypertension and registered as a member of BPJS (Social Security Administrator) at the Clinic and Maternity Home Annisa Farma Ciracas, East Jakarta, sampling technique with Purposive Sampling with a sample of 67 respondents. The results showed 56.70% had a history of hypertension, 73.10% had a habit of drinking coffee is not at risk, 59.70% did not consume drugs of hypertension, 79.10% had a habit of smoking is not at risk. As much as 97.00% have less potassium intake, 64.20% have less calcium intake, 89.60% have a high sodium intake, 50.70% fiber intake ? 4.24 grams per day, 56.72% has a pre-obesity status, 68.70% had a systolic blood pressure of hypertension, 76.10% had a diastolic blood pressure of hypertension. The conclusion based on the results of research and statistical tests, that there is a relationship between a history of hypertension, consumption of hypertension drugs, potassium, and sodium with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (? = 0.000), (? = 0.03), (? = 0.000), (? = 0.03), (? = 0.010), (? = 0.011), (? = 0.029 ), (? = 0.045. There is no relationship between the drinking of coffee per day, smoking, calcium intake, fiber intake and nutritional status and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (? = 0,833), (? = 0.506), (? = 0.112), (? = 0.490), (? = 0.066), (? = 0.183) (? = 0.078), (? =0.09), ( ? = 0.628) (? = 0.534).